Dopamine is synthesised in the basal ganglia cells in the brain. However, it can no longer be produced if these cells are destroyed. This deficit triggers the symptoms of Parkinson's disease.
From a medical perspective, Parkinson’s disease can develop in one of two forms:
- Primary Parkinson's disease
- Secondary Parkinsonism
What is primary Parkinson's disease?
The motor neurons responsible for motor action require dopamine in order to function properly. Dopamine is produced in the basal ganglia cells of the brain. If these cells are destroyed, they can no longer produce dopamine, thus triggering the onset of Parkinson's disease. The destruction of these cells is apparently caused by a build-up of proteins that form what are known as Lewi bodies.
What is secondary Parkinson's disease?
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Secondary Parkinsonism occurs in cases where the cells responsible for dopamine production are not destroyed but malfunction. This form of Parkinson's disease is usually due to a viral infection or a nervous system disease that causes damage to the cells responsible for dopamine production. Some medicinal products such as haloperidol can also cause this damage.
Prevention of Parkinson's disease
For several years, researchers have been investigating various ways to prevent Parkinson's disease or to delay its onset. Several hypotheses have been put forward:
Foods, substances and activities that afford protection against Parkinson's disease
- Unsaturated fatty acids and Omega 3: It has been proven that unsaturated fatty acids such as Omega 3 play a role in protecting the neuron membrane. Consuming them would therefore be one way of preventing neuron destruction and therefore of preventing the onset of Parkinson's disease.
- Vitamins: Certain vitamins, such as vitamin D and vitamin E, also appear to play a preventive role in Parkinson's disease. In fact, since vitamin E is a potent antioxidant, it tends to play an important role in protecting the body against Parkinson's disease.
- Other substances: Other substances such as caffeine, nicotine and ibuprofen, consumed in moderation, are also thought to be beneficial in preventing Parkinson's disease.
- Sport: It is now commonly accepted that a regular sporting activity can prevent motor disorders, symptomatic of Parkinson's disease.
Foods and substances that exacerbate Parkinson's disease
Parkinson's disease affects the brain. Certain harmful elements must be eradicated to keep the brain healthy. Free radicals, which have an oxidising effect on the cells, are known to initially cause brain degeneration. However, other polluting elements are also responsible for the destruction of nerve cells.
- Heavy metals originating from food, water, or even airborne pollution.
- Sudden variations in glucose absorption by the brain.
- So-called "saturated" fatty acids in meat and dairy products
- Alcohol
- Tobacco smoke
These results are encouraging and provide interesting channels for investigating the prevention of Parkinson's disease. Despite being incurable, the treatments administered for this condition are aimed at reducing the disorders generated, pending future advances in medical research.
Because elderly individuals with Parkinson's disease will invariably require assistance with activities of daily living, caregivers may soon be overwhelmed. Several retirement homes specialising in Parkinson's disease are now available to give respite to families and caregivers alike.
| Possible Cause | Why It Matters |
|---|---|
| Certain Medications | Some drugs can produce Parkinson-like movement symptoms. |
| Neurological Conditions | Other disorders affecting the brain may cause Parkinsonism. |
| Brain Injury or Damage | Damage to movement-related brain pathways can cause similar symptoms. |
| Underlying Medical Causes | Identifying the cause can influence treatment and care decisions. |
Because it is difficult to choose the right establishment, in the right place and at the right time, our elderly care advisors are always available to guide you through this process, free of charge. Do not hesitate to call us on 343 309 5289.
Parkinson's disease is a progressive neurological disorder that primarily affects movement. It develops when nerve cells involved in producing dopamine become damaged or die, leading to symptoms such as tremor, muscle stiffness, slowed movement and problems with balance and coordination.
Early signs of Parkinson's disease may include a slight tremor, slower movements, muscle stiffness, reduced arm swing when walking, changes in handwriting, softer speech and changes in facial expression. Symptoms often begin gradually and may initially affect one side of the body.
The exact cause of Parkinson's disease is not fully understood. Researchers believe that a combination of genetic and environmental factors may contribute to its development. Age is also an important risk factor, as Parkinson's disease is more common in older adults.
Common motor symptoms include tremor, rigidity, slowness of movement and problems with balance or walking. Parkinson's can also cause non-motor symptoms such as sleep problems, constipation, fatigue, depression, anxiety and cognitive changes.
No. Parkinson's disease is primarily a movement disorder and is not the same as dementia. However, some people with Parkinson's may develop cognitive impairment or Parkinson's disease dementia as the condition progresses.
There is no single test that can definitively diagnose Parkinson's disease in every case. Diagnosis is generally based on medical history, symptoms and a neurological examination. Healthcare professionals may also use additional tests to rule out other conditions that could cause similar symptoms.
There is currently no cure for Parkinson's disease, but treatments can help manage symptoms and maintain quality of life. Treatment may include medications, physical and occupational therapy, lifestyle changes and, for some people, surgical treatments such as deep brain stimulation.
Parkinson's disease usually progresses gradually, but the rate of progression varies considerably between individuals. Over time, movement, balance and daily activities may become more difficult, and some people may require increasing assistance with personal care and everyday tasks.
Many people with Parkinson's disease can remain independent, particularly during the earlier stages. As symptoms progress, home modifications, mobility aids, therapy, home care or assistance from family caregivers may help maintain independence and safety for as long as possible.
Additional care may become necessary when Parkinson's symptoms significantly affect mobility, personal care, medication management or safety at home. Frequent falls, increasing dependence, cognitive changes or growing caregiver needs may indicate that home care, assisted living or another supportive senior living option should be considered.
Parkinsonism can result from primary Parkinson's disease, where dopamine-producing brain cells are progressively damaged, or from secondary causes that interfere with dopamine function, such as certain diseases, infections, or medications. Although there is currently no established way to prevent Parkinson's disease, research has explored the potential protective effects of regular physical activity, a balanced diet, omega-3 fatty acids, and certain vitamins. Avoiding harmful exposures and maintaining overall brain and cardiovascular health may also support well-being. As Parkinson's progresses, increasing assistance with daily activities can place significant demands on caregivers, making specialized retirement homes an important option for families who need additional support.
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